Aplicaciones agrícolas de las nanopartículas de almidón: una revisión del alcance

In the highland regions, agriculture faces challenges due to factors such as irregular rainfall, temperature fluctuations, and soil erosion, which negatively impact the efficiency of conventionally applied fertilizers and pesticides. This study aims to explore the use of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) as an innovative solution in agriculture, specifically to improve the controlled release of nutrients and pesticides and reduce the ecological impact of inputs. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology, where 226 articles were identified, and 9 studies were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The chosen studies belong to Q1 journals with an impact factor greater than 4.5, demonstrating that this area of knowledge is relevant to the scientific community. From the analysis of the studies, the most reported method for nanoparticle fabrication was nanoprecipitation, which allows obtaining SNPs with controlled sizes that enable the encapsulation of bioactive substances. Among the relevant findings, it was highlighted that SNPs not only improve the efficiency in the release of active compounds such as fatty acids, urea, and phenolic compounds, but also provide greater stability and reduce volatilization. In conclusion, SNPs offer great potential to optimize the use of agricultural resources, providing an ecological and effective alternative for improved dosing of fertilizers and pesticides, which contributes to sustainability and enhances agricultural performance in fragile areas.