CONSTRUCTIVE AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE COASTAL BATTERIES AT LA CHIRA BEACH (PERU)

The Viceroyalty of Peru, a territorial linchpin within the expansive Spanish Empire during the colonial epoch in South America, prominently featured Lima as its capital and the strategically vital port of Callao. Despite the formidable presence of the Real Felipe Fortress in Callao, this territory found itself besieged by an array of foreign threats, a testament to its undeniable strategic significance. This comprehensive research plunges into the intricate tapestry of the defensive strategies devised by the Viceroyalty of Peru, stretching from the early waves of pirate attacks in the 17^th century to the ominous spectre of British threats looming in the early 19^th century. Of particular note is the pivotal role played by Viceroy Abascal, who stood as a bulwark against independence movements and incursions from Buenos Aires. Viceroy Abascal’s meticulous strategy manifested in the fortification of military defences in Lima, the fortification of the port of Callao, and the vigilant safeguarding of the Peruvian coast. This strategic vision reached its zenith with the erection of coastal batteries on La Chira Beach, a historical endeavour that, regrettably, has largely escaped widespread recognition to this day. The coastal batteries at La Chira Beach not only stand as tangible relics of military architecture during the Viceroyalty of Peru but also embody a strategic adaptation to the specific geographical conditions of the region. Their historical and strategic importance accentuates the pressing need to implement measures that transcend mere preservation, actions that are essential to maintaining their structural integrity. This research, far from being a mere scholarly exercise, plays a pivotal role in securing recognition for these structures as irreplaceable components of historical heritage, thus illuminating the annals of the region’s history and cultural identity in a more profound and nuanced light. The study embarks on an exhaustive examination of the coastal batteries at La Chira, with the explicit goal of enriching our understanding of the 19^th century coastal defence system within the Viceroyalty of Peru. Leveraging advanced methodologies such as photogrammetry and geographic information systems (GIS), the research facilitates a meticulous analysis of the architectural intricacies and spatial planning of these batteries, alongside an assessment of their current state of preservation. Extending beyond the boundaries of academia, this study extends a compelling invitation to the broader research and cultural community to delve into the exploration of the coastal batteries at La Chira. Simultaneously, it issues an impassioned plea to cultural authorities, urging them to promptly implement measures to preserve and officially acknowledge these structures as an integral facet of the architectural legacy of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The absence of timely intervention not only exposes these historical structures to the tangible risk of deterioration but also jeopardizes the region and the country at large, depriving them of a more comprehensive and enriched understanding of their historical tapestry. The apprehension regarding the preservation status of these historical structures takes on heightened urgency. Despite standing resilient against the passage of two centuries, their accelerated deterioration, exacerbated by human intervention, presents an imminent threat. The absence of official recognition and the lack of protective heritage measures loom large as significant peril factors in the enduring preservation of these silent witnesses to history. Neglecting or dismissing their historical significance not only consigns future generations to a detachment from the past but also engenders a void in comprehending the intricate interplay of history, culture, and identity in a region sculpted by the events and strategic decisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Ultimately, an inertia in action could translate into the irrevocable loss of a precious legacy, one that merits meticulous care and celebration as an integral chapter in the opulent history of this part of the world.