Exploring Peruvian elementary school teachers’ beliefs about hypothetical shy, exuberant, and typical students

This study explored Peruvian teachers’ strategies and beliefs regarding shy, exuberant, and average children. A total of 319 public elementary school teachers (aged 28–64) from Lima evaluated vignettes depicting students with these behaviours. Teachers predominantly used social learning and directive strategies for shy children but responded punitively to exuberant behaviours. Although teachers generally held positive attitudes towards shy children, they also acknowledged their academic and social challenges. Findings highlight the need for teacher training to foster supportive strategies for diverse temperaments. Implications for educational practice and professional development are discussed.