Mitigación de las Islas de Calor Urbanas a través de la Infraestructura Verde: Una Revisión de Evaluaciones, Modelos de Simulación y Eficiencia en el Enfriamiento Urbano

Cities are growing worldwide and the problem of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) is increasingly worrying due to human activities and climate change. Various studies propose urban green infrastructure as a sustainable and effective solution to mitigate UHI, especially in subtropical and warm cities. Based on this, the objective of this research is to collect information regarding the evaluation and mitigation methods of UHI in different cities around the world in the last 5 years (2020-2024). To this end, various strategies were analyzed, such as cool pavements, green and blue spaces. To this end, a search for information was carried out in the electronic databases of ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus, excluding articles based on established criteria and finally selecting fifteen relevant articles which were classified, ordered, analyzed and compared for their full-text evaluation. In conclusion, as cities continue to grow, they would face the challenge of climate change. Green infrastructure in conjunction with a sustainable urbanization plan can provide a comprehensive solution that would not only improve urban well-being and reduce temperatures, but would also contribute to achieving governments' sustainable development goals. Future studies should focus on evaluating and developing new green technologies and materials that improve the efficiency of green infrastructure and green and blue areas, as well as further simulations and analysis in cities with different climates and urban characteristics.