Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Airflow in a Mars Analogue Cave Environment

Space missions require systems and habitats that provide a comfortable environment for humans during long-duration missions with high physical and mental stress. To address these challenges, astronauts must train in analog stations that faithfully replicate the conditions they will face and that include a life-support system designed with comfort criteria, such as air supply and ventilation management, in order to guarantee a pleasant and fresh climate in the living quarters. Through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, this research proposes an optimized ventilation system for the Ares Analog Station of the company Astroland, with the aim of improving the distribution of temperature and airflow inside. Initially, the original ventilation system was evaluated, analyzing its impact on air quality, temperature distribution, and the generation of stagnation zones. Subsequently, new ventilation ducts based on an HVAC system were incorporated to improve the uniformity of airflow in all areas of the habitat. The comparison of air recirculation and distribution between the initial and redesigned layouts made it possible to identify significant improvements in air mixing, thermal comfort, and heat dispersion. Through simulation, it was possible to visualize flow dynamics, quantify the reduction of thermal gradients, and propose configurations that optimize environmental control under conditions analogous to Mars. The results not only provide guidelines for designing more efficient ventilation systems in analog habitats but also highlight the importance of CFD tools in the validation and optimization of life-support technologies for future space missions.