Digital Transformation and Operational Efficiency in Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Companies: A Systematic Review of Industry 4.0 Applications

Today, technology plays a crucial role in the growth and competitiveness of companies, enabling improvements in operational efficiency and process optimization within dynamic business environments. This systematic review aims to examine the influence of digitization and the implementation of advanced technologies on operational efficiency in fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies, based on empirical studies published between 2019 and 2024. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, identifying and analyzing 25 empirical studies from the Scopus database, selected according to relevance, timeliness, and methodological rigor. The findings reveal a growing trend toward the adoption of advanced technologies: approximately 60% of the studies address the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance decision-making and production planning, 40% focus on automation to improve efficiency and reduce operational costs, and nearly 24% explore computer vision applications for quality control and inventory management. Despite the benefits, the implementation of these innovations presents challenges, such as the need to adapt to organizational change and invest in infrastructure and employee training. Nevertheless, digitization and automation emerge as key drivers for improving performance and strengthening the market position of consumer goods companies. In conclusion, the results suggest that organizations should develop comprehensive and sustainable digital strategies that promote the effective adoption of advanced technologies, ensuring operational efficiency aligned with the principles of sustainable development and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).