Optimización de costos logísticos mediante un modelo de transporte en una empresa del Sector Pesquero

Supply chain efficiency is an economic imperative for the perishables industry. This study addresses the optimization of logistics costs in a representative company of the fishing sector in Chimbote, Peru, which experienced an 18% increase in its distribution expenses. This increase was attributable to two critical factors: the allocation of suboptimal transport routes and a significant underutilization of the fleet, which operated with an average idle capacity of 35%. To solve this problem, a mathematical optimization model based on linear programming was designed and implemented. The novelty of the model lies in its ability to integrate sector-specific variables, such as cold chain constraints and product shelf life, into route planning to the distribution centers in Lima, Callao, Piura, Paita and Chiclayo. The implementation of the model resulted in a direct and verifiable reduction in logistics costs between 10% and 15%. Consequently, a substantial improvement in operational efficiency was achieved. A subsequent sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the model against scenarios of fluctuation in fuel costs, variations in the supply of raw materials and peaks in demand, ensuring its strategic validity. In conclusion, this study not only validates an effective solution for the company studied but also provides a rigorous and replicable methodological framework. Such a framework can be adapted by other perishable food organizations in emerging economies to transform their logistics management into a sustainable competitive advantage.