Potencial de Pseudomonas aeruginosa en la biodegradación de pesticidas organofosforados en suelos agrícolas del Perú: Mecanismos y aplicaciones en biorremediación

Soil contamination by organophosphate pesticides deteriorates soil fertility and biodiversity, posing environmental and health risks. This study evaluates the potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the bioremediation of contaminated soils, determining its degradation efficiency and optimization strategies. A systematic review was conducted using scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, applying inclusion criteria that considered recent studies (2014-2024) on the biodegradation of organophosphate pesticides by P. aeruginosa. Thirty-four relevant articles were selected, revealing that P. aeruginosa can degrade up to 90% of compounds such as chlorpyrifos and monocrotophos through hydrolytic enzymes and rhamnolipids, which increase the bioavailability of contaminants. Key strategies proposed include genetic engineering to enhance rhamnolipid production and microbial consortia with bacteria like Bacillus and fungi like Trichoderma, which optimize degradation and soil restoration. The application of these strategies is recommended in highly contaminated Peruvian regions, such as Chancay-Lima and San Martín. The integration of stricter environmental regulations and the development of microorganism-based technologies can strengthen agricultural sustainability and mitigate the impacts of pesticides.