Validación de la calidad atmosférica mediante líquenes como bioindicadores en la ciudad de San Miguel de Pallaques, Cajamarca – 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of air pollution on the diversity and abundance of lichens in the district of San Miguel de Pallaques, Cajamarca, using epiphytic lichens as bioindicators. Sampling was conducted in six zones, classified as urban and rural areas, identifying 235 lichen individuals. Foliose lichens predominated, with 176 individuals, compared to fruticose lichens, which accounted for 59 individuals. The Atmospheric Purity Index (API) and Shannon Diversity Index (H’) showed significant variations between zones. Pabellon and San Juan exhibited better environmental conditions, with API values of 69.7 and 56.8, respectively, whereas Plaza de Armas reflected higher pollution with an API of 6.02. Likewise, the highest diversity was recorded in San Juan, with H’ = 1.06, demonstrating a correlation between air quality and lichen diversity. The study concluded that air pollution negatively impacts lichen diversity and distribution. Furthermore, foliose lichens proved to be more sensitive and effective as bioindicators. Therefore, this study reinforces their usefulness for environmental monitoring and for designing mitigation strategies in urban areas affected by air pollution.