Virome and Microbiome Interaction and Their Implication in the Human Gut Health

As a complex ecosystem, human gut microbiota have several functions integrated in the host organism through various activities including metabolism, immunity, absorption, etc. One of the human microbiota is viruses, whose composition has not been completely described up till now. Vaious studies proved that the human gut harbors different types of viruses like plant-derived viruses, giant viruses, and bacteriophages. Recently metagenomic methods have allowed to reconstitute entire viral genomes from the genetic material spread in the human gut, opening new avenue on the understanding of the gut virome composition, the importance of gut microbiome, and potential clinical applications. This chapter aims to shed light on the latest evidence on human gut “virome” composition, interaction, its function, and possible future therapeutic applications in human health.